PENDAMPINGAN DAN ANALISIS DAMPAK SOSIO-EKONOMI PEMBATALAN HILIRISASI KELAPA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR
Keywords:
Coconut Downstreaming, Indragiri Hilir, Value-Added, Monopsony, Resource Drain, Farmer IncomeAbstract
Indragiri Hilir Regency possesses the world's most extensive coconut plantation area; however, the cancellation of the planned downstream industrialization by the central government has imposed systemic impacts on the welfare of local farmers. This study aims to analyze the socio-economic consequences of this cancellation and the sustainability risks facing the coconut sector in Indragiri Hilir. The methodology employed is descriptive-qualitative, utilizing secondary data analysis and economic impact simulations. The results indicate that the cancellation of downstreaming prolongs the dominance of a monopsonistic market structure (Sambu Group), where farmers remain price takers with low prices ranging from IDR 1,200 to 2,200 per nut. Conversely, the added value of exported processed products reaches 300–600% (equivalent to IDR 7,000–9,000 per nut), which is exclusively captured by large corporations. Furthermore, a "resource drain" phenomenon occurs due to the massive export of raw coconuts to Vietnam and Thailand, resulting in the loss of foreign exchange potential and local employment opportunities. Simulations suggest that downstreaming could potentially increase farmer income by 15–60% and elevate the coconut sector's GRDP by 35–40%. Without policy interventions such as village-based downstreaming and minimum price regulations, the risk of land-use conversion from coconut to oil palm will escalate, potentially damaging the coastal ecosystem and erasing the region's identity as the world’s coconut hub.
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